Parathyroid Hormone from Gene to Protein Part II
Structure of the PTH mRNA
The 5’ Untranslated Region The 5’ untranslated sequence of the longer forms of the human and bovine mRNAs and rat PTH mRNA contains about 120 nucleotides, and the shorter bovine and human cDNAs contain about 100 nucleotides in the 5’ noncoding region. The average length of the 5' UTR in eukaryotic mRNAs is 80-120 nucleotides. As a result, the m7G cap at the 5’ terminus of the mRNA is a considerable distance from the initiator codon. Parathyroid Hormone from Gene to Protein Part I
Abstract
The biosynthetic pathway of parathyroid hormone (PTH) has been studied from gene expression to PTH intracellular processing. The processing of PTH has been described and involves the synthesis of an initial translational product, preProPTH, and two proteolytic cleavages that in turn produce ProPTH and PTH. The genes and cDNAs from ten different species have been cloned, sequenced and characterized. This chapter will summarize the molecular biology of PTH, from the gene to the mRNA, the initial translational product, preProPTH and the processed mature secreted form of PTH. Development of Parathyroid Glands
The parathyroid glands (PG) are the main source for circulating parathyroid hormone (PTH), a hormone that is essential for the regulation of calcium and phosphate metabolism. The PGs develop during embryogenesis from the pharyngeal pouches with contributions from endodermal and neural crest cells. A few genes have been attributed to the formation, migration and differentiation of the PG anlage. In studies mostly done in genetically manipulated mice it could be demonstrated that Rae28, Hoxa3, Pax1, Pax9 and Gcm2 are essential for proper PG formation. Recently, candidate genes involved in the DiGeorge syndrome have been identified as well. |
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